Verbs and Routines. Play with Fun and Vocabulary

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Describing people

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"Wish" Expresión de deseos y quejas

 Para expresar un deseo o queja se utiliza  el verbo “wish”
  

“Wish” :   Desearía (Ojalá)

Se usa wish + past simple para hablar sobre deseos, quejas, sobre el presente

• I don’t like this place. I wish I lived in somewhere more interesting.

No me gusta este lugar. Ojalá viviera en algún lugar más interesante

• These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were travelling first class.

Estos asientos son muy incómodos. Ojalá estuviéramos viajando en primera  clase

• Everyone wishes they had more free time. Todo el mundo desearía tener más tiempo libre

• John wishes he wasn’t so busy.John desearía no estar tan ocupado
  
  
• I wish it wasn’t so cold. Ojalá/ desearía que no hiciera tanto frío

Se usa wish + past perfect para hablar sobre deseos, quejas de cosas que sucedieron en el pasado

• I wish I had worked harder when I was at school.

Ojalá hubiera trabajado más cuando estaba en el instituto

• Mary wishes she had listened to what her mother told her.

Mary desearía haber escuchado lo que le decía su madre

• I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.

Ojalá/ desearía no haber gastado tanto dinero el mes pasado

Se usa wish +  los verbos modales would y could para hablar sobre deseos , quejas que se quiere que ocurran en el futuro.

I don’t like my work. I wish I could get a better job/ No me gusta mi trabajo. Ojalá pudiera conseguir un empleo mejor.

That’s a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop./ Eso es un sonido horrible. ¡Ojalá parara!

I always have to get home early. I wish my parents would let me stay out later.

Siempre tengo que volver a casa temprano. Ojalá me dejaran mis padres quedarme más tarde

Nota: También podemos usar “If only” con el mismo sentido que “wish” si queremos ser más enfáticos.

If only you hadn’t said that/ I really wish you hadn’t said that

Ojalá no hubieras dicho eso.

Conectores condicionales

Los conectores condicionales son aquellos que indican condición para la realización de algo. Algunos de ellos son: if, unless, provided, providing that , as long as.

if - si

What shall we do, if they don't accept the offer?

¿Qué haremos si ellos no aceptan la oferta?

unless - a menos que

You won't pass the exam unless you study harder.

No pasarás el exámen a menos que estudies más duro.

only if  - (únicamente ..si)

We’ll go fishing this afternoon only if it desn’t rain.

(Iremos a pescar esta tarde únicamente  si no llueve)

provided / providing  that - siempre que, mientras, (únicamente   si)

We'll go fishing this afternoon, provided it doesn't rain.

Iremos a pescar esta tarde, siempre que no llueva.

as long as - siempre que, mientras, (unicamente si)

 You can stay here as long as you work hard.

Te puedes quedar aquí mientras trabajes duro.

even if – Aunque (Incluso si..)

 They wouldn’t have helped us even if they had been there

No nos hubieran ayudado aunque (incluso si) hubieran estado allí

Conditional Sentences

Oraciones Condicionales

Una oración condicional es una oración (subordinada) que expresa una condición o requisito para que se cumpla lo expresado en la oración principal:

Si tengo dinero,           iré al cine

 (Condición)        (oración principal)

 First Conditional (Tipo 1)

Este tipo de condicional se utiliza para el futuro y en los casos en que es muy probable que la condición pasará.

IF	Condition	Result
If	Present simple	Future simple ("will")

• Ejemplos:

a. If Bill studies, he will pass the exam. / Bill will pass the exam if he studies. (Si Bill estudia, aprobará el examen.)

b. If it doesn't rain, we will go to the beach. / We will go to the beach if it doesn't rain. (Si no llueve, iremos a la playa.)

c. Will you take the train if you miss the bus? / If you miss the bus, will you take the train? (¿Cogerás el tren si pierdes el bus?)

Nota: Se pueden usar algunos verbos modales en vez de "will" para cambiar la probabilidad o expresar una opinión. Ejemplos:

a. If it doesn't rain, we may go to the beach. (Si no llueve, puede que vayamos a la playa)

      b. If it doesn't rain, we should go to the beach. (Si no llueve, deberíamos ir a la playa)

     c. If it doesn't rain, we can go to the beach. (Si no llueve, podemos ir a la playa)

 Second Conditional (Tipo 2)

Se utiliza el tipo 2 para expresar una posibilidad irreal en el presente, como un deseo o un sueño, o para una acción en el futuro no tan probable.

IF	Condition	Result
If	Past simple	"Would" + infinitivo

• Ejemplos:

- If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. / I would travel around the world if I won the lottery. (Si ganara la lotería, viajaría alrededor del mundo.)

- If Rachel had more time, she would learn to play the guitar. / Rachel would learn to play the guitar if she had more time. (Si Rachel tuviera más tiempo, aprendería a tocar la guitarra.)

- Would you be happy if you  got married? / If you  got married, would you be happy? (¿Estarías feliz si te casaras?)

Nota: Como en el tipo 1, se pueden usar otros verbos modales en vez de "would" para cambiar el significado y la posibilidad.

Third Conditional (Tipo 3)

A diferencia a los tipos 1 y 2, se utiliza el tercer tipo de condicional cuando hablamos de una condición en el pasado que no ha sucedido.

IF	Condition	Result
If	Past perfect	"Would have" + past participle

• Ejemplos:

-         If I had known then what I know now, I would have done things differently. / I would have done things differently if I had known then what I know now.

(Si hubiera sabido en el pasado lo que sé ahora, hubiera hecho las cosas de manera diferente.)

-         Suzanne wouldn't have had the heart attack if she had gone on a diet . / If Suzanne had gone on a diet  she wouldn't have had the heart attack.

(Suzanne no hubiera tenido el infarto si hubiera hecho dieta)

-Would you have liked to go to Australia if you had had enough money? / If you had had enough money, would you have liked to go to Australia?

(¿Te hubiera gustado ir a Australia si hubieras tenido suficiente dinero?)

Nota: Como en los tipos 1 y 2, se pueden usar otros verbos modales en vez de "would" para cambiar el significado y la probabilidad.

Unit 3 Student's Book Answer Key (1)

Unit 3 Student's Book Answer Key (2)

Unit 3 grammar ST's Book Answer Key (1)

Preguntas de gramática y vocabulario de exámenes de selectividad

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Respuestas a preguntas de vocabulario y gramática en exámenes de selectividad

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How animals sleep. Easy text 16

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Easy Text 15

Monday May 20th, 2013

Today's reading: The race

Omission of "the"

Omission of articles (the)

Articles are not used with uncountable nouns when we make general statements.

I love coffee. (NOT... a coffee OR the coffee)

Milk is rich in nutrients. (NOT The milk OR a milk)

We can't do without water. (NOT The water OR a water)

She likes reading books. (NOT...the reading books OR a reading books)

Before plural nouns used to denote a class:

Apples are red.

Camels are useful animals.

Warm clothes are necessary in cold climates.

With the names of languages

Hindi is the national language of India.

It is not easy to learn French.

English is spoken in many parts of the world.

We do not use articles with proper nouns (the names of people, places, continents, countries etc.)

Alice is an architect. (NOT The Alice or a Alice)

Mary is my friend. (NOT The Mary)

I Love Paris

We do not use articles with titles and names.

Princess Diana was killed in a car accident.

President Kennedy was assassinated.

But we say, the queen of England, the President of USA

Articles are not used to talk about the coming or last day/month.

See you on Friday. (=Coming Friday)

We are leaving for the US next week. (NOT …the next week.)

But we use articles with the names of days of the week and months if we are talking about particular days or months.

We met on a rainy Friday.

It was a wet Monday in May.

She died on the Thursday after the accident.

 In certain phrases made up of a preposition + noun:

Examples are: on foot, at school, from top to bottom, at home, in bed, by train, by car, in debt, in hand, on earth, at noon, on board, in jest, at best, at worst etc.

He is in debt. (NOT He is in the debt.)

He is at school. (NOT He is at the school.)

He spent the whole day in bed.

Life is hard. Easy text 14

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Unit 3 WB Answer key (2)

2º Bachillerato Unit 3/ workbook answer key (1)

Simple verbs (21 word),
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The dream (Text 13)

This is today's  easy text:  The dream.
Read it and have fun!